AI, Privacy & Data Protection: The Future of Digital Rights in India

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is no longer just science fiction, but it is shaping how we shop, learn, work, and even how governments function. But with this technological revolution comes a pressing question: how safe are our digital rights in the age of AI? 

The Promise and the Peril of AI 

AI is transforming industries across India from banking and healthcare to education and governance. Yet, this rapid adoption relies heavily on personal data. Without proper safeguards, risks such as profiling, misuse of sensitive information and algorithmic bias can threaten an individual’s right to privacy. 

India’s Response: The DPDP Act 

The Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, marks a crucial step in regulating how personal data is collected and used. By introducing rules on consent, accountability and data security, the Act seeks to balance technological growth with the protection of individual rights. Still, challenges remain, especially around AI-driven decision-making, deepfakes, and cross-border data flows. 

Learning from Global Practices 

Globally, the European Union’s GDPR and the upcoming EU AI Act highlight how law can keep pace with technology. India must draw lessons while crafting a framework that promotes innovation without compromising human dignity. 

The Role of Academia 

Institutions like Presidency University and the Presidency School of Law play a vital role in shaping this conversation. Through research, policy engagement and student awareness, academia can help prepare future lawyers and policymakers to tackle the ethical and legal challenges of AI. 

Looking Ahead 

The future of digital rights in India will depend on how effectively we balance technology with privacy and human values. As AI continues to grow, safeguarding privacy and data protection will remain central to ensuring that innovation serves society without undermining individual freedom. 

Written by, 

Dr. Neha Gupta 
Assistant Professor, Presidency School of Law